1.     Claws bearing one or more setae emergent from the integument in basal half, and on ectal and ventral surfaces................2
        Claws lacking setae, or seta(e) indistinct......................................................................................................................23

2(1). Body finely pubescent, setae thin, hair like, recumbent to erect; elytral striae parallel to subparallel throughout length.......3
         Body covered with thick, decumbent and narrow, or broad and appressed scale like setae; elytral striae convergent and
         coalescent preapically.................................................................................................................................................13

3(2). Tarsomere 4 broad and emarginate, with membranous ventral lobe or a dense setal pad; elytral striae moderately to
        deeply engraved, sulciform to striatopunctate.................................................................................................................4
        Tarsomere 4 narrow, oblique dorsoapically, at most with moderately dense arrangement of erect setae; elytral striae fine
        and thinly engraved to serially arranged shallow punctures..............................................................................................9

4(3). Femur of front leg with anteroventral angle rounded; hypomeron with punctures fine to small, shallow.............................5
        Femur of front leg with anteroventral angle carinate; hypomeron with punctures moderately large, deep................Aeolus

5(4). Tarsus with segment 4 only bearing a large ventral membranous lobe; elytra with sutural margins meeting to apices, apex
         rounded or with sutural angle dentate to spinose, or emarginate and bispinose................................................................6
        Tarsus with segments 1-4, 1-3, or 2-4 bearing large ventral membranous lobes; elytra with sutural margins divergent
        before apices................................................................................................................................................................7

6(5). Pronotum with hind angles slender, subparallel to divergent, weakly to moderately carinate dorsally, disc with fine to
        moderate punctures of subequal or variable sizes............................................................................................Conoderus
        Pronotum with hind angles stout, strongly carinate dorsally, disc with coarse, deep punctures and interspaces with
        numerous fine punctures.............................................................................................................................. Heteroderes

7(5). Tarsus with segments 1-4 or 2-4 lobate........................................................................................................................8
         Tarsus with segments 1-3 lobate, segment 4 small, simple, unlobed.................................................................Achrestus

8(7). Tarsus with segments 1-4 lobate; elytra apex acuminate at strial interval 1.........................................................Anaissus
        Tarsus with segments 2-4 lobate; elytra apex acuminate at strial interval 2 ................................................Platycrepidius

9(3). Luminescent organs present on pronotum and abdomen...............................................................................................10
        Luminescent organs absent............................................................................................................................... Alampes

10(9). Antenna long, extending beyond hind margin of pronotum..........................................................................................11
          Antenna shorter, not reaching hind margin of pronotum...............................................................................Pyrophorus

11(10). Antennal segments 2 and 3 subequal in length..........................................................................................................12
            Antennal segment 3 slightly longer and wider than segment 2.........................................................................Ignelater

12(11). Luminous organs obscure, flat to obsolescent; antennal segments 2+3 smaller than segment 4.......................Lygelater
          Luminous organs large, flat to slightly convex; antennal segments 2+3 same length as segment 4................... Deilelater

13(2).  Hypomeron with medial margin deeply sulcate for more than half its length................................................................14
            Hypomeron with medial margin flared anteriorly, not sulcate.....................................................................................17

14(13). Larger, body >5.0 mm in length; pronotal margin arcuate to anterior angle................................................................15
            Smaller, body <4.8 mm in length; pronotal margin strongly constricted at anterior angles..............................Rismethus

15(14). Mesepimeron forming part of the border for the mesocoxal cavity............................................................................16
           Mesepimeron clearly not forming part of the border for the mesocoxal cavity................................................Agrypnus

16(15). Tarsal segments widened, with ventral membranous lobes ..................................................................... Dilobitarsus
          Tarsal segments filiform, without ventral membranous lobes............................................................................... Lacon

17(13). Frontal margin cariniform; pubescence narrow, hair like...........................................................................................18
            Frontal margin not cariniform; pubescence subtriangular to rounded, scale like......................................................... 20

18(17). Scutellum pentagonal and declivous ........................................................................................................................19
            Scutellum subtriangular, flat..................................................................................................................... Hemirhipus

19(18). Tibia with apical spurs absent................................................................................................................. Pherhimius
            Tibia with apical spurs present............................................................................................................ Saltamartinus

20(17). Mesosternal fossa with sides slightly inclined anteriorly............................................................................................ 21
             Mesosternal fossa with sides sharply declivous anteriorly....................................................................Chalcolepidius

21(20). Strial intervals 1 and 3 similar to other intervals; pronotum <0.3X length of elytron...................................................22
            Strial intervals 1 and 3 elevated; pronotum >0.5X length of elytron....................................................................Lacais

22(21). Frons with supra antennal carina projecting, spiniform; elytra with sutural apex distinctly spinose ..............Chalcolepis
            Frons with supra antennal carina obtuse, broadly rounded; elytral apex not or with minute sutural spine .............. Alaus

23(1).  Metacoxa deeply excavated, with ventral lamina covering trochanteral insertion........................................................ 24
            Metacoxa shallowly impressed, without ventral lamina, trochanteral insertion exposed................................... Anischia

24(23). Claws pectinate or serrate.......................................................................................................................................25
            Claws simple, with a single tooth, or cleft, not pectinate or serrate............................................................................27

25(24). Nasale simple or thickened, lacking carinae............................................................................................................ 26
            Nasale with 2 oblique, converging carinae forming an inverted V-shaped structure, often with a short vertical carina
            connecting base of "V" with frontal margin.................................................................................................Glyphonyx

26(25). Scutellum subpentagonal to subtriangular, truncate anteriorly; hypomeron with medial margin strongly flared and
            reflexed anteriorly..................................................................................................................................... Melanotus
            Scutellum cordate, deeply emarginate anteriorly, attenuate posteriorly; hypomeron with medial margin simple
            throughout length.......................................................................................................................................... Aptopus

27(24). Tarsal segments 3, 2-3, 1-3, or 1-4 with membranous ventral pads or projecting lobes........................................... 28
            Tarsal segments filiform or with ventral setal pads, without membranous pads or lobes..............................................49

28(27). Hypomeron with hind margin more or less straight, shallowly arcuate or sinuate; pronotal hind angle little or not
            projecting from hypomeron......................................................................................................................................29
            Hypomeron with hind margin deeply emarginate; pronotal hind angle projecting .......................................................35

29(28). Tarsal segments 1-4 lobed, segment 4 broadened, emarginate.................................................................................30
            Tarsal segments 1-3 lobed, segment 4 narrow, oblique apically................................................................................34

30(29). Hypomeron with deep antennal cavities along mesal margin......................................................................................31
             Hypomeron without antennal cavities, mesal margin shallowly impressed, closed.........................................Hypodesis

31(30). Antenna pectinate; hypomeron with antennal cavities long and sinuate, reaching to base of prosternal intercoxal
            process...................................................................................................................................................................32
            Antenna strongly serrate; hypomeron with antennal cavities reaching ca. 0.7X distance to base of prosternal intercoxal
            process...................................................................................................................................................................33

32(31). Epipleuron with elytral margin rounded, or finely and briefly subcarinate near humerus; pronotum and elytra evenly
            convex; integument rufopiceous to flavous..........................................................................................Thylacosternus
          Epipleuron at elytral margin reflexed and carinate; pronotum and elytra evenly convex or with irregularly formed
            callosities or tubercules, integument piceous..............................................................................................Pterotarsus

33(31). Prosternal intercoxal process attenuate posteriorly, estriate laterally............................................................. Lissomus
          Prosternal intercoxal process subparallel, with 1-2 striae laterally each side.....................................................Drapetes

34(29). Mesosternal metasternal suture connate, without surface trace......................................................................Semiotus
          Mesosternal metasternal suture sulciform............................................................................................. Hemicrepidius

35(28). Tarsal segment 3 or 4, with membranous lobe.........................................................................................................36
            Tarsal segments 2 and 3 with membranous pads or lobes. ...................................................................................... 40

36(35). Pronotosternal sutures closed anteriorly...................................................................................................................37
            Pronotosternal sutures open or divergent anteriorly..................................................................................................38

37(36). Claws slender throughout length...................................................................................................................... Aeolus
            Claws cleft or strongly dentate at midlength.............................................................................................. Esthesopus

38(36). Larger, length >5.0 mm; hypomeron with mesal margin impressed to shallowly excavate in anterior third...................39
            Smaller, length <4.1 mm; hypomeron with mesal margin shallowly excavate along ca 0.5X length....Anchastomorphus

39(38). Hypomeron with mesal margin with a narrow, flattened bead that is reflexed and shallowly channeled anteriorly;
            metacoxal lamina subquadrate and angulate over trochanter.......................................................................Anchastus
            Hypomeron with mesal margin with a broad, flat to shallowly excavate bead that is broadly reflexed and shallowly
            channeled anteriorly; metacoxal lamina forming a broad, elongate lobe posteriorly. .................................Physorhinus

40(35). Nasale disc flat or shallowly convex, ecarinate.........................................................................................................41
            Nasale with a pair of oblique and convergent carinae................................................................................Dicrepidius

41(40). Nasale not or slightly elevated; antennae serrate in both sexes................................................................................. 42
            Nasale strongly elevated; antenna pectinate (male) to serrate (female).......................................................... Crepidius

42(41). Prosternal suture distinctly and broadly open anteriorly............................................................................................43
            Prosternal suture closed or very slightly opened........................................................................................................46

43(42). Mucro and sides of mesosternal fossa arcuate or declivous......................................................................................44
            Mucro and sides of mesosternal fossa horizontal....................................................................................Atractosomus

44(43). Mesosternal fossa with sides gradually declivous..................................................................................................... 45
            Mesosternal fossa with sides horizontal posteriorly, abruptly declivous anteriorly................................................Spilus

45(44). Mucro attenuate apically; antennal segment 3 shorter than 4............................................................. Anoplischiopsis
           Mucro dentate apically; antennal segment 3 subequal to or longer than 4...................................................... Dipropus

46(42). Mesosternal fossa gradually declivous.....................................................................................................................47
            Mesosternal fossa vertically declivous anteriorly....................................................................................Spilomorphus

47(46). Pronotosternal sutures more or less straight.............................................................................................................48
            Pronotosternal sutures strongly curved mesally...................................................................................Heterocrepidius

48(47). Frons strongly impressed; elytral apices spinose.......................................................................................Cyathodera
          Frons convex to depressed; elytral apices rounded................................................................................. Anoplischius

49(27). Scutellum with anterior margin shallowly and emarginately arcuate, to deeply incised; prosternum with intercoxal
            process short, obtuse at apex.................................................................................................................................50
            Scutellum with anterior margin broadly arcuate to lobate, or subtruncate; prosternum with intercoxal process long,
            narrow, attenuate................................................................................................................................................... 52

50(49). Pronotal lateral margins rounded; elytral striae singly striatopunctate to subsulciform; intervals flat to shallow convex,
            finely punctured...................................................................................................................................................... 51
            Pronotal lateral margins subcarinate; elytral striae forming a double series of punctures; intervals flat, very finely
            punctured..............................................................................................................................................Horistonotus

51(50). Antenna short, not reaching posterior margin of pronotum; tarsal segment 4 simple.................................Triplonychus
            Antenna long, nearly reaching midlength of body; tarsal segment 4 with short ventral lobe.................. Triplonychoides

52(49). Supra-antennal carinae forming a strong transverse frontal margin, or directed anteriorly...........................................53
            Supra antennal carinae widely separated..................................................................................................................65

53(52). Frons with supra antennal carinae arcuate and directed anteriorly, frons planar to labrum..........................................54
            Frons with supra antennal carinae and frontal carina contiguous and forming a complete arcuate margin from eye to
            eye; frontal margin often extended shelf like over clypeal remnant.............................................................................55

54(53). Labrum evenly convex on disc .................................................................................................................... Agriotes
             Labrum sulcate medially.......................................................................................................................Cardiorhinus

55(53). Pronotosternal sutures grooved or shallowly channeled anteriorly, with either margin of hypomeron or prosternum
            excavated at anterior end.........................................................................................................................................56
            Pronotosternal sutures closed and hypomeral margin carinate along length.................................................................60

56(55). Tarsus simple, filiform; abdominal ventrite 5 evenly arcuate to finely subspinose........................................................57
            Tarsus with segment 3 broadened and excavate dorsally, briefly lobed ventrally; abdominal ventrite 5 with long median
            spine.......................................................................................................................................................................59

57(56). Body moderately long; elytral apices subtruncate; pubescence evenly dispersed...................................................... 58
            Body long, narrow; elytral apices deeply emarginate; pubescence marmorate ...........................................Psiloniscus

58(56). Tarsal segment 1 longer, subequal in length to segments 2-4 together...........................................................Cosmesus
            Tarsal segment 1 shorter, subequal in length to segments 2+3....................................................................Deromecus

59(57). Antenna strongly serrate, segments broad, length <1.5X width.................................................................. Smilicerus
            Antenna weakly serrate, segments narrow, length >1.7X width................................................................Pomachilius

60(55). Antennal segments 2 and 3 subequal in length and diameter......................................................................................61
            Antennal segment 2 distinctly shorter and slightly narrower than segment 3................................................................62

61(60). Pretarsal claws narrow and arcuate throughout length.............................................................................Megapenthes
           Pretarsal claws broad basally, cleft at midlength.....................................................................................Ypsilosthetus

62(60). Prosternum with intercoxal process gradually declivous anteriorly.............................................................................63
            Prosternum with intercoxal process with strongly to acutely angulate declivity immediately posterior of coxa..................
            ............................................................................................................................................................ Diplostethus

63(62). Mesosternal fossa with sides gradually declivous throughout length...........................................................................64
            Mesosternal fossa with sides horizontal, anterior portion sharply declivous..............................................Orthostethus

64(63). Hypomeron shallowly emarginate near hind angle; shining black, often with yellow or red......................Tomicephalus
            Hypomeron with posterior margin deeply emarginate near pronotal hind angle; brown to red brown..Neotrichophorus

65(52). Pronotum with posterior margins smooth.................................................................................................................66
            Pronotum with posterior margins crenulate....................................................................................................... Oistus

66(65). Prosternum more or less truncate, lacking distinct anterior lobe or deflexed margin...................................................67
            Prosternum with anterior lobe extended, broadly arcuate, usually deflexed............................................................... 68

67(66).  Prosternum with antecoxal portion very short; protibia with distinct angulate expansions at midlength and apex.............
            ..............................................................................................................................................................Scaptolenus
            Prosternum with antecoxal portion as long as or longer than width; protibia slender......................................Octinodes

68(66). Pubescence appressed and scale-like, or erect and clavate......................................................................................69
            Pubescence setae slender, hair-like, decumbent.......................................................................................................70

69(68). Pubescence appressed; scutellum flat....................................................................................................... Agrypnella
            Pubescence erect; scutellum carinae medially............................................................................................. Rismethus

70(68). Metacoxal lamina broad mesally, abruptly narrowing laterally.....................................................................Paradonus
            Metacoxal lamina moderately wide mesally, gradually narrowing laterally................................................Neoarhaphes